Macroeconomices Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Macroeconomices - Research Proposal Example Few economists would argue that the birth of modern macroeconomics can be dated back to the upsetting incidents of the 1930s and most particularly the perspectives of John Maynard Keynes (1936) conveyed in the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money which is basically a response to these traumatic events. Prior to the Keynesian revolution the prevailing classical assumption was that while consumerist economies would be subjected to episodic distresses, market forces would function promptly and successfully to restore complete employment equilibrium (Ahiakpor 2003). In such conditions government intervention to calm down the economy was judged to be neither essential nor favorable. The Great Depression, which bears witness to a terrible collapse in output and increase in unemployment rate, seemed to blow apart the classical theory that complete employment was the normal state of affairs (ibid). Writing in this setting, Keynes argued that capitalist market economies are intrinsically unstable and can only be stabilized at less than complete employment for protracted periods. This insecurity was for Keynes largely the consequence of fluctuations in collective demand. The Great Depression, he disputed, resulted above all from a razor-sharp reduction in the level of investment expenditure â€Å"occasioned by a cyclical change in the marginal efficiency of capital† (Snowdon & Vane 1999: 2) with the related harsh uncontrolled unemployment illustrating a state of scarce aggregate demand. The indication of Keyne’s analysis was that government intervention, in the structure of flexible fiscal and monetary policy, could assist improve such aggregate insecurity and even out the economy at full employment mode. Capitalism could be resurrected but not in accordance to the nineteenth-century laissez-faire belief (ibid). The immediate acceptance of Keynesian in the intellectual community and policy-making societies guaranteed that throughout the 1950s

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay Example for Free

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay Art and music bring many cultures from all around the world together. Both express thoughts, emotions, stories, views, ideas, and opinions of human life. For instance, art is a form of expression as well as music. Moreover, music describe a person’s culture, life, feeling and hobbies as well as art. It is how people liberty to express themselves through music in whichever way they prefer. as well as art and what people confront on a daily basis. Furthermore, art and music has change over time and it has influence in the way we dress and dance. It also reflects on violence and drugs. Finally, have an extremely negative impact on the attitudes and behaviors of American youth. Music affects society now in days by influencing teens in the wrong way. For instance, music videos have made a humongous impact on the behavior of teens. Moreover, teens flaunt their bosoms around just because they see it on the videos so they portray the same image thinking that is the style. For example, Adriana, a cousin she dresses something similar to that and her response is that is what is in. Also, the way teens dance through music. For example, the songs Bring it, Donk, Ass by listening to this type of songs they start twerking dancing. In particular, a dance that teases and inappropriately moves. It consists of how you shake your behind. personality my perspectives about those move dances are inhuman. In addition, this type of songs has made an impact on the dances and it has everybody twerking. A dance that consist of shaking hips and bottom and bouncing up and down motion, causing to shake, wobble and jiggle . Another, huge impact would be the song and dance called The Twist it had have a tremendous impact back in the days. many people were against it but some were not. Foremost, John Johnson Jr. â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states. â€Å"Soon, the fad hopped generations, sweeping up the â€Å"Mad Men† set of swinging company men and their hip-shaking wives. Therefore, regardless if the song influences in an appropriate dance it is still going to be a big hit and it is going to have everybody dancing. Another, social message that is transmitting through music and art is the violence. For example, some friends would always-encountered dangerous scenes because of the designs imprinted on their clothes gang related as well as the music consisting of disrespecting others. onsequently, they were getting shoot at. In addition, my cousin Arthur was involved in the Mafia. He was kill in Mexico 3 years ago because of the music he used to listing to drugs as well as the clothes he used to were. His clothes had a picture of Mal Verde a major drug dealer. The drug music would inspire him to fight. He had a tragic death that was never solve he was kidnap and torture to death. In addition, many people are being influence in the drug life because of their admiration to those kinds of art as well as the music. On the other hand, it can inspire others to get out of that life style. For example, Biello, Johnson Jr. (â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states that â€Å"Biello, who hope the Twist would ease his exit from the Mob, never did get out. He was assassinated in 1967, in broad daylight in downtown Miami. The crime was never solved but was likely part of a power struggle in the top ranks of Mafia leadership. † Moreover, music and art is meant for uplifting and encouraging people yet over the years it has become degrading. Finally, the way it influences the teens today. The more aggressive the music, probably the more grumpy and rebellion they tend to get. The beauty of music has exploited into evil things. For instance, the music today such as rap and hip-hop has profanity and that is the type of music that teens listing today. Consequently, can be influential, and they will try to crazy things. In conclusion, art is music it is what gives life a meaning. For example, to share ideas, express feeling, tell a story It is what brings many different cultures together from all over the world. Weather it brings out good or bad messages it is still a form of art.

Retirement Planning Essay -- essays research papers fc

Retirement Retirement seems to be one of the most often overlooked areas of people’s future plan. Simply because it seems so far away, it is an area that is subject to procrastination. People are expected to live longer now than ever before, this is another reason why young adults and teenagers are not worried about saving for their retirement. The baby boom generation, the seventy seven million people born between 1943 and 1960, face an entirely different retirement plan. As they began to retire, people are starting to think that there will be no money left and this will turn into a crisis. What will happen when seventy-seven million baby boomers begin to want the money they paid in†¦ but it is not there? Retirement provisions such as Social Security, IRA’s, and 401k’s are there to help when you are deciding how to save money. Social Security started a long time ago, in the 1930’s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt was president. He was elected president in November 1932. By March there were over thirteen million people that were unemployed, and almost every bank was closed. Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a sweeping program to being recovery to business and to agriculture and relief to those who were in fear of losing their farms and homes to being unemployed. In 1935, recovery was slowing arriving, but more And more people were turning against Roosevelt’s New Deal program. This led Roosevelt to a new program of reform, which we know today as social security. It stated heavier taxes on the wealthy, new way of controlling banks and public utilities, and a huge work relief program for those people who were unemployed. Social Security has been around for so long, but now people under the age of sixty-five think it will go bankrupt before they retire, according to a new CNN/TIME poll, and most of them do not think they will be able to save enough on their own. Only thirty-one percent say that the system is currently in a crisis; ma jority just feels that there are problems but not a crisis. The way you feel about Social Security is based totally on what age you are. People over fifty seem to think the system is fair while others feel it is not. In the Industrial Age, a Defined Benefit pension plan meant that the company guaranteed you, the worker, and a defined amount of money for as long as you lived. This made people feel secure because these plans assured a stead... ... will take your retirement, even if it seems too far ahead, more seriously. I am including these graphs and a questionnaire to let you see some statistics of U.S. citizen’s opinions. From a CNN/POLL: Financial Condition of Social Security Crisis 31% Problems, not a crisis 55% No problem 10% Asked of all Americans Will Social Security go bankrupt before you retire? Yes 54% No 42% Asked of Americans under age of 65 If Social Security did not exist, could you save enough to retire? Yes 44% No 52% Asked of Americans under age of 65 Who should control Social Security Investments? Individuals 80% Government 14% Asked of all Americans Investing in a stock market is a good idea Now 57% 1994 38% 1990 26% Asked of all Americans Will Congress and Clinton be able to fix Social Security? Yes 43% No 46% Asked of all Americans Is Social Security fair to people your age? Yes No 18-34 years 41% 52% 35-49 years 46% 45% 50-64 years 61% 27% Over 64 years 80% 15% Bibliography http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/10/polls/social.security/ U.S. News Magazine, Turning 40, March 20, 2000. Vol. 128, number 11 www.usnews.com, 2000 Benefits that last a Lifetime, 1997 Retirement solutions pamplet. Retirement Planning Essay -- essays research papers fc Retirement Retirement seems to be one of the most often overlooked areas of people’s future plan. Simply because it seems so far away, it is an area that is subject to procrastination. People are expected to live longer now than ever before, this is another reason why young adults and teenagers are not worried about saving for their retirement. The baby boom generation, the seventy seven million people born between 1943 and 1960, face an entirely different retirement plan. As they began to retire, people are starting to think that there will be no money left and this will turn into a crisis. What will happen when seventy-seven million baby boomers begin to want the money they paid in†¦ but it is not there? Retirement provisions such as Social Security, IRA’s, and 401k’s are there to help when you are deciding how to save money. Social Security started a long time ago, in the 1930’s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt was president. He was elected president in November 1932. By March there were over thirteen million people that were unemployed, and almost every bank was closed. Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a sweeping program to being recovery to business and to agriculture and relief to those who were in fear of losing their farms and homes to being unemployed. In 1935, recovery was slowing arriving, but more And more people were turning against Roosevelt’s New Deal program. This led Roosevelt to a new program of reform, which we know today as social security. It stated heavier taxes on the wealthy, new way of controlling banks and public utilities, and a huge work relief program for those people who were unemployed. Social Security has been around for so long, but now people under the age of sixty-five think it will go bankrupt before they retire, according to a new CNN/TIME poll, and most of them do not think they will be able to save enough on their own. Only thirty-one percent say that the system is currently in a crisis; ma jority just feels that there are problems but not a crisis. The way you feel about Social Security is based totally on what age you are. People over fifty seem to think the system is fair while others feel it is not. In the Industrial Age, a Defined Benefit pension plan meant that the company guaranteed you, the worker, and a defined amount of money for as long as you lived. This made people feel secure because these plans assured a stead... ... will take your retirement, even if it seems too far ahead, more seriously. I am including these graphs and a questionnaire to let you see some statistics of U.S. citizen’s opinions. From a CNN/POLL: Financial Condition of Social Security Crisis 31% Problems, not a crisis 55% No problem 10% Asked of all Americans Will Social Security go bankrupt before you retire? Yes 54% No 42% Asked of Americans under age of 65 If Social Security did not exist, could you save enough to retire? Yes 44% No 52% Asked of Americans under age of 65 Who should control Social Security Investments? Individuals 80% Government 14% Asked of all Americans Investing in a stock market is a good idea Now 57% 1994 38% 1990 26% Asked of all Americans Will Congress and Clinton be able to fix Social Security? Yes 43% No 46% Asked of all Americans Is Social Security fair to people your age? Yes No 18-34 years 41% 52% 35-49 years 46% 45% 50-64 years 61% 27% Over 64 years 80% 15% Bibliography http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/10/polls/social.security/ U.S. News Magazine, Turning 40, March 20, 2000. Vol. 128, number 11 www.usnews.com, 2000 Benefits that last a Lifetime, 1997 Retirement solutions pamplet.

Automobile:from Horse To Horsepower :: essays research papers fc

"In the first hundred years of active life, it has been described as a menace ands a blessing, a blight and a godsend, as a savior of our countryside and cities, and as their curse, as socially divisive and the greatest social leveler. It has been worshipped and reviled, celebrated and scorned." The automobile is an invention that has had a tremendous impact on society. The automobile has taken diverse segments of the American population; farmers, small town residents and urban dwellers and given them access to the same opportunities and experiences. Autos have given us motels, shopping plazas, drive-thru’s, vacations, commuting, and, certainly not the least, suburbia. The genesis of the automobile is one of the most profound and important chapters in the development of American culture. Before the automobile, people traveled by means of bicycles, trains, street cars and horse-drawn carriages. These methods of transportation were slow, limited and not private. Up until the about 1880, inventors experimented with building a "horseless carriage." These experiments were powered mainly by steam, and were not practical. They traveled at slow speeds (six miles an hour), were very noisy, frightened horses, smelled awful and polluted the air. Sometimes the coals (used to make steam) would fall off the auto, and burn wooden bridges down. Railroads and stage coach lines hated the automobiles because they did not want competition. Autos were scarce and ridiculed by most of the population. "The car began life as a rich man’s toy, rather than a means of transport or as an instrument of social change." They were displayed in circuses because they were considered a wacky idea with no future. The development and acceptance of the automobile in America took place around the turn of the century, from 1895 to 1910. The most successful steam car was the Stanley Steamer, invented in Newton, Massachusetts in 1897 by Francis and Freelan Stanley. It was produced until 1924. The steam car did not fare well because it was not suited for long distance travel, was too hard to start and posed the hazard of an open fire. In the late 1890’s and early 1900’s the electric car was the most popular type of automobile. William Morrison was the creator of this type of car. People liked the electric car because it was easy to operate, ran quietly and did not give off fumes. Unfortunately for modern society, the electric cars could not go faster than 20 miles an hour, and the battery had to be recharged every fifty miles.

Raymond’s Run

Tort Cede Bombard Is a heartwarming story about a young girl named Hazel and her little brother with special needs. She realizes that even though her victory is an incredible feat, there are things of much more Importance than winning the 50-yard dash on Held Day. In my opinion, Hazel experiences a coming of age moment when she sees her younger brother running along side her from the other side of the fence, during her signature race.In that Instant she makes It her goal to coach Raymond to track meet stardom; she realizes that welling means more to him than Just another ribbon added to her collection. â€Å"After all, Eve got a roomful of ribbons and medals and awards. But what has Raymond got to call his own? † This quote exemplifies the fact that Hazel is growing tired of taking all the glory and she is starting to recognize Raymond potential. Hazel is able to use her running talents to help improve her brother's running.In Hazel's eyes it would be more inefficacy for her t o use her talents to coach her brother. Helping Raymond increase his confidence and running ability would bring lasting happiness into Hazel's life. â€Å"I'm lumping up and down so glad to see him- my brother Raymond, a great runner in the family tradition. † Finally, Hazel learns that sport isn't only about competition but also establishes friendships and creates character. By the end of the story, Hazel has a change of heart and opens up to the idea of Gretchen her competition, being her reined.The quote at the end is a perfect representation of how sport can bring two completely different people together by finding something in common, â€Å"And she nods to congratulate me and then smiles. And I smile. We stand with this big smile of respect between us. And it's real. † Raymond Run is a powerful story that teaches us that sport goes beyond the aspect of winning. From that single track meet, Hazel learns how to use her talents to benefit others, respect and courage.

Free Essays on Unconscious Thoughts

â€Å"Is It Impossible to Have an Unconscious Thought† The article that I reviewed argued against the concept of an unconscious thought and the effect that it has on a person’s normal and abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The basis for this argument is that an unconscious thought has no way of being measured. There is a way to confirm that a person has a thought, but it can not demonstrate that the thought previously existed. Therefore, how can we prove that an unconscious thought exists†¦or doesn’t exist? The writer of this article goes on to talk about our dreams and behaviors and the effect that our unconscious has on these. The writer decides that it is more the question of perceiving and unperceiving rather than unconscious thoughts. I found this article interesting because I have never come across this issue of whether or not there is a subconscious. I do agree with the point made by the writer that perception is key in this argument. For instance, the article talks about a dream that a male had about a wolf attacking a rabbit. The reason for this dream is concluded to be because of the violent and demeaning nature of his father (the wolf=father, the rabbit=client). You cannot say that the fact that the male’s father was cruel was part of an unconscious thought that came out all of the sudden through a dream. The male knew that his father was cruel well before hand. Therefore it is taking notice to what your feelings and behaviors and the reasons that are reflected from them. This is not to say that there is no subconscious, we cannot prove that. But we can take a look at what has gone on around us and what our past is like before we decide that our unusual behavior are a reflection of an unconsci ous thought that has a meaning that we have no idea we had.... Free Essays on Unconscious Thoughts Free Essays on Unconscious Thoughts â€Å"Is It Impossible to Have an Unconscious Thought† The article that I reviewed argued against the concept of an unconscious thought and the effect that it has on a person’s normal and abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The basis for this argument is that an unconscious thought has no way of being measured. There is a way to confirm that a person has a thought, but it can not demonstrate that the thought previously existed. Therefore, how can we prove that an unconscious thought exists†¦or doesn’t exist? The writer of this article goes on to talk about our dreams and behaviors and the effect that our unconscious has on these. The writer decides that it is more the question of perceiving and unperceiving rather than unconscious thoughts. I found this article interesting because I have never come across this issue of whether or not there is a subconscious. I do agree with the point made by the writer that perception is key in this argument. For instance, the article talks about a dream that a male had about a wolf attacking a rabbit. The reason for this dream is concluded to be because of the violent and demeaning nature of his father (the wolf=father, the rabbit=client). You cannot say that the fact that the male’s father was cruel was part of an unconscious thought that came out all of the sudden through a dream. The male knew that his father was cruel well before hand. Therefore it is taking notice to what your feelings and behaviors and the reasons that are reflected from them. This is not to say that there is no subconscious, we cannot prove that. But we can take a look at what has gone on around us and what our past is like before we decide that our unusual behavior are a reflection of an unconsci ous thought that has a meaning that we have no idea we had....

Students Learning Disabilities

Students Learning Disabilities Introduction Students with various learning disabilities should get best support in order to achieve their educational goals. Teachers and parents should use different strategies in order to empower every disabled learner. One of the common learning disabilities is speech impairment.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Students Learning Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This kind of disability affects the learner’s ability to read, communicate, interact, talk, and associate with others. Speech impairment is usually subdivided into three types. These disorders include â€Å"articulation, voice, and fluency† (Sileo Prater, 2011, p. 38). Articulation disorders are usually associated with omissions, distortions, and substitutions. Such aspects make it impossible for many disabled learners to acquire their educational goals. Supporting the Learning Needs of a Student with Speech Impairment Acco rding to Godwin-Jones (2009, p. 5), â€Å"collaboration of a powerful team is critical when educating different children with learning disabilities†. The â€Å"multi-disciplinary team should include teachers, pathologists, parents, and special trainers† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 7). This discussion encourages parents and guardians to be part of such teams. This approach will ensure every targeted learner acquires the best goals. The power of assistive technologies can never be underestimated. A wide range of assistive technologies can make it easier for many learners to achieve their potentials. Such assistive technologies should be used depending on the educational needs of every learner. Different software packages will make it easier for learners with speech impairments to improve their language skills. A good example of these computer software programs is called First Words. This program presents the required graphic representations. The software also synthesizes spe ech in order to teach different nouns. The software amplifies the sounds of different words. The software package makes it easier for every learner to achieve his or her educational goals.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The student will be able to pronounce various words correctly. Teachers should equip their learners with the best hearing devices. The approach will â€Å"ensure the targeted student hears every sound much better† (Gorman, 2004, p. 36). The application will â€Å"ensure the targeted learner does not omit, distort, or substitute various words† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 8). The above software can also be used to predict new words. Teachers can use effective software packages to ensure the targeted learners acquire new vocabularies. Some accessibility features will support the learning objectives of many disabled students. The use of non-electr onic materials can also support the needs of learners with various speech impairments (Sileo Prater, 2011). This technology is known as Augmentative or Alternative Communication (ACC). This assistive technology uses appropriate symbols and techniques to support the needs of different learners. Teachers can â€Å"use both electronic and manual boards to improve the communication skills of students with impaired motor skills† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 8). These technologies will support the needs of many learners. The disabled learners will eventually find it easier to express their ideas. Teachers can use spelling boards because they present different phrases and words. Speech impaired learners can use such boards to communicate with their parents. These technologies will ensure every learning process is successful. Conclusion Assistive technologies make it easier for educators to teach different learners with disabilities. Parents should also use such assistive technologies to empower their children. It is notable that such assistive technologies can support the needs of many students (Sileo Prater, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Students Learning Disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different â€Å"accessibility features of computers will support every learner with speech impairment† (Godwin-Jones, 2009, p. 9). Reference List Godwin-Jones, R. (2009). Emerging Technologies Speech Tools and Technologies. Language Learning Technology, 13(3), 4-11. Gorman, J. (2004). Working With Challenging Parents of Students with Special Needs. New York, NY: Corwin. Sileo, N., Prater, M. (2011). Working with Families of Children with Special Needs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Spanish Verbs of Happiness

Spanish Verbs of Happiness You dont always have to use an adjective such as feliz or alegre to refer to someone being happy or becoming happy. Various verbs can be used for that purpose as well. Spanish Words That Mean Love Alegrar is the most common verb of happiness. It can be used simply to mean to make happy, or in the reflexive form of alegrarse it can be used for to be happy or to become happy. In translation, you can use other English words such as joyful, cheerful or pleased, depending on the context. Me alegro de haberlo comprado. I am happy to have bought it.Creà ­a que te alegrarà ­as de verme. I thought you would be happy to see me.Es algo que te alegrar la tarde. Its something to make your afternoon happy. (Literally, it is something that will make the afternoon happy for you.)Lo à ºnico que le alegraba los lunes era el hecho que era el dà ­a de ir a comprar provisiones de chocolate para toda la semana. The only thing that cheered him up on Mondays was the fact that it was the day of going shopping for the weeks chocolate supply.No me alegra la muerte de un ser humano. The death of a human being doesnt make me happy. Contentar, obviously a cognate of the word content, can be used in much the same way. It often carries the idea of satisfaction. Cuando te veo me contento. When I see you Im content.Los administradores se contentaban con dedicar a sus clientes una mà ­nima cantidad de tiempo. The administrators were content to devote a minimum amount of time to their clients.No nos contentemos con lo que tenemos. Lets not be satisfied with what we have.No serà ­a extraà ±o para nadie que los resultados contenten a Chvez. It wouldnt seem strange to anyone for Chvez to be happy with the outcome. Deleitar, a cognate of to delight, typically has that meaning: Ella me deleità ³ con su artà ­culo sobre nuestros miedos. She delighted me with her article about our fears.En primavera te deleito, en verano te refresco, en otoà ±o te alimento, y en invierno te caliento.  ¿Quà © soy? (Un rbol.) In spring I delight you, in summer I refresh you, in fall I feed you and in winter I keep you warm. What am I? (A tree.) Alborozar is an uncommon verb that has a connotation similar to to delight or to excite: Alborozas cada cà ©lula de mi ser. You thrill each cell of my being.Se alborozaron con la idea de tener su apartamento propio. They were excited about the idea of having their own apartment. Placer, related to the English word please, suggests the giving of pleasure. Me place decir que tengo dos. It pleases me to say I have two.El recià ©n inaugurado museo tiene dos aspectos que me placieron. The recently inaugurated museum has two aspects that pleased me. Felicitar is derived from feliz and is included here for that reason. It typically means to wish someone happiness and is often translated as to congratulate. Me felicitaron por la seleccià ³n del hotel. They congratulated me for the hotel selection.

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Literature Review - Essay Example In addition, domestic politics and international politics are perceived to be dissimilar, and their structures are also quite dissimilar. Also, the domestic political structure is defined by the rule of which it is ordered, the specifications of its functions, and the distribution of its capabilities. According to the article, domestic political structure is centralized and hierarchical. Hierarchical means that there are specified rules that impose laws onto the followers. Also, society in the domestic sense is functional and ordered. There are no world leaders who pass total laws onto the citizens. Every state has its specified rule and ideas on what it wants to undertake. The globe is disconnected because of the lack of an overall government. The author brings up a comparison to the economy to highlight how international political structures emerge even in their anarchic state. Waltz states that units’ own interests are individual and spontaneous in origin. Units converge wi th similar ones to enhance their productivity. In the existing world, this is consistent with the fact that some states unite with others for reasons such as security and safety. They are looking for their stability by depending on a different state. It is also argued that international political structures are found on the basis of states because states are the most significant actors in the world of politics. States play a tremendous part in foreign relations, foreign policy, and trade, so international politics is found on the basis of the states. Particularly, international politics resemble units and states following identical patterns of actions. Finally, it is argued that anarchic or international forms, similar to states or units interrelate with one another, while in hierarchic or domestic forms, different states or units interact (Waltz 47). Contribution to the Field The article has contributed to the field in a number of ways. The article explains that not all states are identical in their views of how international politics should be handled or in their forms of government. It also explains how different nations do not fight one another. This is achieved through the employment of power. In the view of the article, the states with the most supremacy are those with the utmost capabilities. This means that the whole structure of the political system can be altered with modifications in the capabilities of specific states. For instance, a country like Britain has sufficient technology, money, military arms, and intelligence. These are all the essential capabilities to solve problems or take over small nations (Waltz 38). The article shows that a state’s capacity to achieve so much is what gives the state power. In addition, the only way significant things can be achieved is by states with magnificent capabilities. This is one of the foremost reasons countries such as the United Stated of America and Britain get involved in peacekeeping missions in countries, for example the Middle East, Bosnia, among others. These unsafe states tend to battle more because they are not sure about other states. The article helps the students in the field to understand the actions of powerful states. Because these states are the most powerful and secure in the world, it is their responsibility to keep the world stable and satisfied (Waltz 39). It explains why they have the

Intro to Business Assignment 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intro to Business Assignment 2 - Coursework Example We realize that this shall ultimately benefit our valued customers and lead to a stronger reputation of our business in years to come. Your co operation in this regard shall be highly appreciated. Sincerely, Mr. ABC Topic B: In corporations, the interests of the stockholders are largely protected by the Board of Directors who are appointed by the former to take decisions in favor of them. The Board of Directors are paid handsome amount including stock options, compensation packages etc. and are appointed under fiduciary obligation that entices them to run the company in a way that benefits the stockholders. However, as far as the legal obligations are concerned, the penalty for not acting in the interests of shareholders varies because of difficulties for the Court in assessing the decision taken (Lawrence & Weber, 2010). The fact that shareholders vote for the Board of Directors makes the latter liable to perform in the interests of the former because if that doesn’t happen t hen the shareholders have the power to dismiss the directors. The concept is similar to that of voting under democracy.

Communications Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communications Assessment - Essay Example However, the success of a person depends on his ability to judge his strengths and weaknesses. Once weaknesses are identified it becomes easier for the individual to overcome them. However, the strengths motivate him to maintain them and further research what needs to be done for a more successful outcome. Hence, it can be said that strengths and weaknesses both are important for a sustained excellence in the leadership profession. The weaknesses of my leadership communication skills that I have observed are discussed in this part. Leaders are aimed to direct their sub-ordinates towards the specified goal. Their job requires special care and consideration. I have observed that I do not give any detailed information about my instructions. This is because I find it difficult to share my views in groups. It can be taken as strength as it saves a lot of time. But if we look closely, the job of a leader is not to compel people do what they are asked to do. In fact, leadership is a skill to motivate people on doing a particular task. It demands to have such an influence on the sub-ordinates that they willfully and enthusiastically move towards a common goal. Without explaining the reasons for a particular act it is impossible to gain the interest of subordinates in the work. A work done without interest will always be less accurate than a work done with interest and having a goal oriented approach. The effects of this weakness do not end here. Due to my short and restricted instructions the subordinates may feel uncomfortable to question about anything. Hence, the subordinates may restrict their questions to themselves which may affect the performance and may end up in an unexpected outcome. Moreover, I am not able to show my emotions properly. Even if the work of subordinates please me or is better than expected, I find it difficult to show my pleasure, happiness, contentment and satisfaction. One cannot, however, deny the importance of these expressions. It

Should young children use computers in early childhood programs Essay

Should young children use computers in early childhood programs - Essay Example They follow these directions and learn a variety of things like dancing, gaming, communications skill etc. The increased use of computers increases the communication power of children. Most preschools have the facility of computers. They teach children and direct them the ways to use it themselves. Computers help children to communicate in a social environment. While using computer children develop two sorts of interactions. One is the children-computer interaction and the second is children-children interaction. Children-Computer interaction is developed when a kid involves himself in understanding the directions of the computer, when a child is developing the understanding the lines of the software and establishing the grasp on the hardware. And the Children-Children interaction is developed when the kid works in an environment where other children are also using the computer. The child works on the computer and connects his computer to the computer of his fellow to ask about his/h er daily routine or to seek any help from him/her. Preschool kids can use the computers easily with great proficiency when an appropriate software in accordance to the age of the child is installed. (Mayesky. 2002) Computers are effective for young children when this small box is changed to a ‘coaching machine’. Computers used by young children should be equipped with the elements which prove to be beneficial for them like joystick to handle directions effectively, gaming software, mathematics problem solving games, puzzles, and other entities. Computers increase the sense of control in these children. Computer is an excellent medium for conversation for disabled and mentally retarded children. These children can interact with the outer world using this amazing device. Handicapped kids can learn the essential basic skills using computers. They can learn the knowledge of computer from their early ages and can further

Pornography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pornography - Research Paper Example According to the research paper "Pornography" findings, it is important to understand that various groups in the community have considered pornography as an example of a substance that promotes sexual immorality. On this basis, there have been attempts to censor the production of pornographic materials, as well as providing legal restraints against their production, as well as publication. However, Johansson and Nils (60) explains that due to the different definitions of pornography, based on the national, historical, as well as cultural contexts, this aspect of pornography has thrived. Furthermore, in the 20th century, there was the development of social attitudes that are more tolerant to presentation and discussions of sex and its related factors. This increased the development of pornography, mainly because many countries started relaxing laws regarding the production and publication of pornographic materials. Furthermore, Johansson and Nils (61) explains that the development of the internet and the home video made it possible for a boom in the global pornographic industry, and this helps in generating billions of dollars in a year. McKee (36) denotes that in the mentioned movie, the female character has been used as a depiction of pornography. In this movie, Bettie, a female character is used to pose for nude pictures, and photographs, for pornographic magazines, and studios. McKee (38) explains that in most pornographic materials, women are always depicted as sex symbols and objects. This results in the destruction of the virtues of the women under consideration. This is clearly depicted in the movie, whereby Bettie Page is unable to find friends, because of a bad name.

Should young children use computers in early childhood programs Essay

Should young children use computers in early childhood programs - Essay Example They follow these directions and learn a variety of things like dancing, gaming, communications skill etc. The increased use of computers increases the communication power of children. Most preschools have the facility of computers. They teach children and direct them the ways to use it themselves. Computers help children to communicate in a social environment. While using computer children develop two sorts of interactions. One is the children-computer interaction and the second is children-children interaction. Children-Computer interaction is developed when a kid involves himself in understanding the directions of the computer, when a child is developing the understanding the lines of the software and establishing the grasp on the hardware. And the Children-Children interaction is developed when the kid works in an environment where other children are also using the computer. The child works on the computer and connects his computer to the computer of his fellow to ask about his/h er daily routine or to seek any help from him/her. Preschool kids can use the computers easily with great proficiency when an appropriate software in accordance to the age of the child is installed. (Mayesky. 2002) Computers are effective for young children when this small box is changed to a ‘coaching machine’. Computers used by young children should be equipped with the elements which prove to be beneficial for them like joystick to handle directions effectively, gaming software, mathematics problem solving games, puzzles, and other entities. Computers increase the sense of control in these children. Computer is an excellent medium for conversation for disabled and mentally retarded children. These children can interact with the outer world using this amazing device. Handicapped kids can learn the essential basic skills using computers. They can learn the knowledge of computer from their early ages and can further

Adaptive leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Adaptive leader - Essay Example They are able to be flexible and open to the possibilities that the environment gives at any given moment. The war in Iraq has called for all leadership to be adaptive because there was no manual to describe what they needed to do in situations like Iraq. As an example, the Army had no information about a "counterinsurgency campaign" and there was nothing by which to measure it. This meant that the leadership had to adapt quickly into creating something that would be done and how it would be measured. In order to be adaptive a leader must also be able to challenge assumptions and perceptions. They must look past the obvious to see the greater picture within their environment, especially when they are in combat. They must be able to perceive what is going on and then be able to see which elements are critical to the change; this is not always easy for a military officer to do (Whiffen 3). The officer must also be able to balance "force and restraint" (Wiffen 5) as he or she goes about the operations. This aspect calls on the officer to know his strengths and weaknesses and then the strengths and weaknesses of his company. In order to learn how to adapt officers must put themselves in situations that are uncomfortable and unfamiliar so they can "adapt by adapting". (Whiffen

Magnetic Tape Essay Example for Free

Magnetic Tape Essay Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany, based on magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and play back audio and video using magnetic tape are tape recorders and video tape recorders. A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape is a tape drivOver years, magnetic tape can suffer from deterioration called sticky-shed syndrome. Caused by absorption of moisture into the binder of the tape, it can render the tape unusable. Merits: Capacity * One of the key advantages of magnetic tape is its capacity for holding data. Magnetic tape was the first medium able to hold a feature-length movie on a small, inexpensive device, thus enabling the home video market of the 1980s. In addition, compact cassettes can hold music on both sides, giving them a 90-minute total playing time, which is even greater than most CDs. Editing * Magnetic tape is also easy to edit using a traditional linear-editing system. This can involve duplicating a portion of a tape to a master reel, or physically cutting the tape and attaching the desired portions together with glue, splicing cement or adhesive tape. Editing in this manner requires no special computer equipment and may be less expensive and/or easier to learn than nonlinear digital editing. DEMERITS: Generation Loss * One of the disadvantages of magnetic tape is generation loss, which refers to the fact that each successive copy of a tape loses quality compared to the original. This can make it difficult to use magnetic tape for editing-intensive projects, or when extremely high fidelity is important. Digital media, on the other hand, can be copied and reproduced indefinitely with no visible or audible difference between the original and any of its copies. Durability * Another problem with magnetic tape is its tendency to stretch out over time, causing the quality of the data to deteriorate. On old video tapes, this generally appears in the form of poor audio, and picture data can eventually suffer as well. Over time magnetic tape acquires a layer of magnetic debris from recording and playback heads, which may need to be cleaned periodically to continue functioning. Mechanical Complexity * The mechanical complexity needed to use magnetic tape is another disadvantage of the medium. Items like cassette and VHS tapes include two separate reels, as well as a mechanism for exposing a small portion of the tape inside a player or recording device. Reel-to-reel tape players use multiple motors and moving parts, each of which is susceptible to mechanical failure. In the realm of digital media, flash-based memory uses no moving parts, thus eliminating this problem. Advantages and Disadvantages of a USB Flash Drive February 27, 2012 Advantages and disadvantages Advantages Compared to hard drives, flash drives use little power, have no fragile moving parts, and for most capacities are small and light. Data stored on flash drives is impervious to mechanical shock, magnetic fields, scratches and dust. These properties make them suitable for transporting data from place to place and keeping the data readily at hand. Flash drives also store data densely compared to many removable media. In mid-2009, 256 GB drives became available, with the ability to hold many times more data than a DVD or even a Blu-ray disc,[2] Most personal computers support USB as of 2010. Flash drives implement the USB mass storage device class so that most modern operating systems can read and write to them without installing device drivers. The flash drives present a simple block-structured logical unit to the host operating system, hiding the individual complex implementation details of the various underlying flash memory devices. The operating system can use any file system or block addressing scheme. Some computers can boot up from flash drives. Specially manufactured flash drives are available that have a tough rubber or metal casing designed to be waterproof and virtually â€Å"unbreakable†. These flash drives retain their memory after being submerged in water, and even through a machine wash. Leaving such a flash drive out to dry completely before allowing current to run through it has been known to result in a working drive with no future problems. Channel Five‘s Gadget Show cooked one of these flash drives with propane, froze it with dry ice, submerged it in various acidic liquids, ran over it with a jeep and fired it against a wall with a mortar. A company specializing in recovering lost data from computer drives managed to recover all the data on the drive.[42] All data on the other removable storage devices tested, using optical or magnetic technologies, were destroyed. Disadvantages Main article: Flash memory#Limitations Like all flash memory devices, flash drives can sustain only a limited number of write and erase cycles before the drive fails.[43][unreliable source?][44] This should be a consideration when using a flash drive to run application software or an operating system. To address this, as well as space limitations, some developers have produced special versions of operating systems (such as Linux in Live USB)[45] or commonplace applications (such as Mozilla Firefox) designed to run from flash drives. These are typically optimized for size and configured to place temporary or intermediate files in the computer’s main RAM rather than store them temporarily on the flash drive. Most USB flash drives no longer include a write-protect mechanism, although a small number have a switch on the housing of the drive itself to keep the host computer from writing or modifying data on the drive. Write-protection makes a device suitable for repairing virus-contaminated host computers without risk o f infecting the USB flash drive itself. A write-locked SD card in a USB flash card reader adapter is an effective way to avoid any writes on the flash medium. The SD card as a WORM device has an essentially unlimited life. A drawback to the small size is that they are easily misplaced, left behind, or otherwise lost. This is a particular problem if the data they contain are sensitive (see data security). As a consequence, some manufacturers have added encryption hardware to their drives—although software encryption systems which can be used in conjunction with any mass storage medium achieve the same thing. Most drives can be attached to keychains, necklaces and lanyards. The USB plug is usually fitted with a removable and easily lost protective cap, or is retractable. USB flash drives are more expensive per unit of storage than large hard drives, but are less expensive in capacities of a few tens of gigabytes as of 2011 Maximum available capacity is increasing with time, but is less than larger hard drives. This balance is changing, but the rate of change is slowing.. Most USB based flash technology integrates a printed circuit board with a metal tip which is simply soldered on. As a result the stress point is where the two pieces join. Some manufacturers quality control does not ensure a proper solder temp further weakening the stress point. Since many Flash Drives stick out from a users laptop or PC they are likely to be bumped repeatedly in their life time and may break at the stress point. Most of the time a break at the stress point results in permanent damage to the printed circuit board where the joint is torn from the circuit. However, some manufacturers produce discreet flash drives that do not stick out and others use a solid metal uni-body that has no easily discernible stress point.

Illegal logging

Illegal logging Introduction Illegal logging is one of the many causes of deforestation and is one of the worlds most pressing environmental problems (Chatham House, 2009; EIA, 2008). It is fuelled substantially by a large and indiscriminate international market demand for cheap timber and timber products (EIA, 2008). While poverty, economic collapse, provincial autonomy and many other factors also contribute to this form of rainforest destruction, corruption is at the core of the problem (Plate 1) (EIA Telapak, 2005). Previously, for the most part, within the international community there has been ambivalence regarding illegal logging and trade and destruction of tropical rainforests (Cock, 2008). This unlawful practice has only come to the attention of the global community in the past few decades (Cock, 2008; EIA, 2008). Efforts to combat illegal logging and trade have started to become a policy priority across the globe and international initiatives have been established (EIA, 2008; Glastra, 1999). Outline This paper will consider the international response to illegal logging and trade and whether that response has been successful. The discussion will commence by defining illegal logging and other related terms. The analysis will then focus on a brief overview of the occurrence of this illicit practice and the environmental, social and economic issues associated. The next part of the essay will discuss what the international response to illegal logging and trade is and its effectiveness using some key examples. Finally, limitations on data and recommendations for future actions will be discussed and the main arguments of this account summarised. Definitions Illegal logging is the practice in which loggers, millers, and transporters go against national laws to harvest, mill, and transport timber and wood products illegally, or through corrupt practices (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). The illegal trade of timber can involve exporting or importing: tree species prohibited under national or international law; timber or timber products in violation of national bans; the unauthorized movement of timber across borders and the movement of illegally logged timber from forest to market (Callister, 1999). International initiatives are a response to the growing concern of non-governmental agencies, the public, the scientific community and governments about important issues and can include the formation or alteration to organizations, official forums, action plans and conventions (Glastra, 1999). An international organisation attempts to govern the global political economy in relation to some key issue and imposes order through pressures and restra ints (Emadi-Coffin, 2002). An international convention is a legally binding agreement to any country that signs it, in which the implementation of national policy or legislation is required to achieve the objectives of the convention (Glastra, 1999). Overview of Illegal Logging and Trade Illegal logging involves the removal of large and valuable trees from primary forests, which, creates secondary forests, can make forests more susceptible to fires, and facilitates the exploitation of the forests for other uses (Dauvergne, 2001). Factors which aid illegal logging and trade can include: undue political influence, poor government policies, and poor enforcement systems (Glastra, 1999). The causes of illegal logging can encompass: misguided community views that illegal logging is not a criminal or harmful activity, over-complex regulatory government frameworks, lack of government willingness or capacity to enforce the law, and corruption (Table 1) (Tacconi, 2007). Illegal logging is driven largely by the profit it generates (Tacconi, 2007). Occurrence Illegal logging occurs across the globe and is estimated to affect approximately seventy countries (Tacconi, 2007). It has contributed to an increase in the rate of deforestation worldwide, particularly in the globes most densely forested areas, such as Asia, South America, and Central and West Africa (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). Illegal timber is also exported from Laos, the Philippines, India, and Thailand (Glastra, 1999). Table 2, below, shows estimates of illegal logging and trade in various countries. Impacts and Issues Illegal logging and trade can result in a range of negative ecological, economic and social impacts (Callister, 1999). Environmental costs may comprise of accelerated soil erosion, and illegal logging in protected areas (Callister, 1999). The practice also drives global forest degradation, deforestation and the loss of biodiversity (Dauvergne, 2001; EIA, 2008). Social issues that are caused by this illegal activity can include: land use conflicts, restricted access to food and on local use of timber and large scale job losses (Callister, 1999). Additionally, it is a threat to governments regulatory mechanisms, undermines legislation, and can lead to a climate of lawlessness and corruption (Glastra, 1999). It can also provide the financial resources to support rogue regimes, help finance civil wars and undermine democratic reforms (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). Associated economic impacts can include vast economic loss for the producer country, reduction of resource capacity and mar ginalisation other stakeholders (Glastra, 1999). Illegal logging and trade can also depress the market value of timber, and disadvantage those companies and countries that engage in legal logging and trade (Rhodes, Allen Callahan, 2006). The International Response In the 1970s and 1980s, numerous international initiatives and organisations were proposed which funded projects aimed at promoting reforms to forest governance in response to growing public awareness of logging and deforestation (Cock, 2008). During the late 1980s and 1990s the international agenda was focused on issues such as conservation and reforestation (Cock, 2008). More recently, however, following the international communitys struggle to slow forest loss ,the focus has shifted to market-based instruments, environmental protection, public policy, pricing to reflect the scarcity of timber resources, promotion of efficient use and international monitoring systems (Cock, 2008; EIA, 2008; Geist Lambin, 2002). Climate change and the worries about increased carbon in the atmosphere have also led to greater concern, as forests sequester 45% of terrestrial carbon (EIA, 2008). Western consumer societies create a market for the trade of illegally logged timber, which in turn causes fu rther degradation (Geist Lambin, 2002). Table 3 reveals estimates of the illegal proportion of wood products imported by many countries, even in those countries who have adopted legislation or formal agreements to exclude illegal material. There are a wide variety of international initiatives that target illegal logging and which will be discussed below. International Law Currently, there is no one international instrument designed to suppress the trade of illegal timber (Schloenhardt, 2008). For the most part, current instruments under international law are agreements that are designed to protect the environment and promote sustainable use of resources (Schloenhardt, 2008). At present, there is an absence of legal liability for private businesses that cause environmental damage, no offence of illegal logging in international law, and the trafficking and sale of illegally obtained timber is not criminalised in any treaty (Glastra, 1999; Schloenhardt, 2008). There is a need to strengthen legislation that protects forests and increase penalties for infractions (Glastra, 1999). Many international treaties and organisations have developed frameworks that partially regulate, control and limit to some extent, the international trade of timber (Schloenhardt, 2008). International Initiatives In relation to illegal logging and trade, there are numerous international agreements, treaties, organisations and conventions that exist under international law. They can be concerned with: the conservation and protection of individual species, the preservation of specific areas or habitats, protection of biodiversity, and may focus on sustainable development (Schloenhardt, 2008). Glastra (1999) offered the opinion that generally, international conventions appear to act as an excuse. Cock (2008) claims that the applications of policy, reforms or other international initiatives have had little effect in slowing forest loss. The following examples demonstrate the general lack of effectiveness of many international response mechanisms. The Convention on Biological Diversity was established in 1992, with 168 signatories (Fisher, 2003). Signatories are required to limit activities that threaten extinction of species or degradation of ecosystems, such as forests, within their territory, and are expected to rehabilitate and restore damaged ecosystems as well as create and enforce laws and regulations (Glastra, 1999). Schloenhardt (2008) comments that the convention has been criticised for being largely ambitious, achieving little practical outcomes, that it does not effectively contribute to suppressing the illicit timber trade. Glastra (1999) notes that the convention fails to deal with some elements that are specific for forests, and as such, additional protocols should be added. Little progress has also been made to implement national policy and legislation for this convention and this poor implementation as well as lacking enforcement needs to be addressed (Glastra, 1999). Conversely, Sayer and Maginnis (2005) argu e that the convention has contributed to the development of current strategies for sustainable forest management and that it has promoted two key principles, that forest management must be a matter of societal choice and that it must be developed as far as possible to local stakeholders. Overall, this response mechanism appears to have negligible effectiveness. The Forestry Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) conference was held in Bali in 2001, and focused particularly on how to combat illegal logging (Tacconi, 2007). The responding EU FLEG and Trade action plan is said to be a positive step forward (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). However, the progress is slow, there is still no timber on the market that is EU FLEGT approved, and some countries pursing EU FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VAP) are making negligible progress (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). The effectiveness of many of these agreements is questionable, such as in Indonesia, since there has been inconsiderable subsequent implementation or follow-up and they do not include sufficient sanctions for countries not taking part or not making adequate progress (Chatham House, 2009; House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). These voluntary agreements do not address trade through third party countries, do not cover a ll timber producing countries; and may legitimise destructive practises and will not be sufficient alone to reduce illegal logging significantly at a global level. (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009) Cameroon, however, has demonstrated a political commitment to tacking illegal logging and trade through negotiating a FLEGT VPA with the EU and respondents to a Chatham House survey were positive regarding the level of international co-operation shown by the government with more than half agreeing that the level of Cameroons international cooperation was good (Chatham House, 2009). The FLEGT VAP programme seems to be having some effect in selected countries. The International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO) and Agreement (ITTA) were introduced in the late 1980s (Cock, 2008). The ITTA was originally designed as a commodity agreement with an environmental clause that allowed it to address the issue of sustainable logging (Cock, 2008). Its ability to address illegal logging has been restricted by a lack of authority and resources (Cock, 2008). Additionally, the ITTOs budget has generally been small and based on voluntary contributions with disagreements frequently occurring between its temperate and tropical members (Cock, 2008). Glastra (1999) states that the ITTO debilitates its target to ensure that all internationally traded tropical timber originates from forests that are sustainably managed by not supporting or accepting import bans on illegally exported or sourced timber. Some non-governmental organisations consider association with the ITTO pointless as it has neither successfully reformed the timber trade, nor established any m echanism to accomplish reform (Glastra, 1999). Schloenhardt (2008) points out that a number of documents, such as guidelines regarding sustainable forest management, have been produced but the organisation has failed to do anything considerable in relation to illegal timber trade. Forest certification and the promotion of sustainable logging have been suggested as alternatives to conventions and organisations (Cock, 2008). However, while the idea is good in theory, it is not as effective in the real world as it does not deliver on the ground (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Documents of certification can be forged and corruption in some countries can allow certification to be given when the timber has not come from legal or sustainable logging practices (EIA, 2008). In 2008 in the UK, the EIA conducted an experiment in which sixteen random retailers selling merbau (a timber which is associated with a high degree of illegality) were called and researchers who posed as customers found that none could provide any evidence that their timber was legal (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). However, these schemes do increase awareness of and generate an interest in the issue of illegal logging, highlighting to companies that t hey need to take action on illegal timber (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Schloenhardt (2008) states that certification would assist in identifying legal products and that electronic certification systems would facilitate this certification effectively. This response may be effective if there were highly developed monitoring systems in place. Strengths, Limitations and Recommendations Strengths and Limitations There are some limitations with the current data regarding the extent and occurrence of illegal logging and trade. Data provided by many producer countries may be misleading as it is subject to corruption, lack of resources, weak identification of illegal products, difficulty with monitoring remote areas and a lack of transparency (Schloenhardt, 2008). Also, much of the data available is in the form of estimates, as the majority of research is limited to examining the process of the licit timber trade, legislative frameworks and environmental issues (Schloenhardt, 2008). The House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee (2009) supports this claim, insisting that reliable statistics on illegal activities, such as illegal logging and trade are difficult to gather and quantify. The available information on illegal logging is mostly limited to sources of non-governmental and some intergovernmental organisations, and not from academic research (Schloenhardt, 2008). Discrepancies with the data were also found between sources and there are issues with the definitions of illegal timber varying between countries (Schloenhardt, 2008). Another limitation is regarding international law as conventions and agreements are usually based on good faith, with enforcement in the form of pressure from the international community, naming and shaming and on rare occasions, economic sanctions (Fisher, 2003). Present international responses to illegal logging and trade have had some success in a few countries, such as in Madagascar and Cameroon (Chatham House, 2009). The pressure exerted by the international community and the growing awareness that is promoted by international actions can, as in the case of Madagascar, persuade governments in producing and consuming nations to adopt beneficial policy and legislation (Butler, 2010). Some progress has been made with producer countries, with major consumer countries of timber and timber products failing to close their markets to illicit wood (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Recommendations There are a number of recommendations available regarding the reduction of illegal logging and trade. Further research is required into the trade and trade paths of illegal logging (Schloenhardt, 2008). However as Geist Lambdin (2002) have shown, illegal logging on its own is not as significant a cause of deforestation, compared to agricultural expansion or technological factors. It may be more appropriate to address significant forest loss issues and target the underlying and proximate causes of deforestation, rather than signalling out illegal logging. Alternatively, instead of trying to curb the trade of illegal timber, it may be more prudent to directly address the causes of illegal logging, which will in turn reduce the trade of illicit timber. The EIA (2008) states that to successfully combat this illegal practice, there must be in-country forest governance and international trade policies that are consistent with the goal of reducing drivers of deforestation. Other alternativ es may include payment incentives to reward reforestation, afforestation and avoided deforestation (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Additionally, clearing external debt of countries that are major producers of illegal timber may provide a pathway to eliminate concessions and subsidies related to timber and timber products (McCarthy, 2002). Another solution may be to make it an explicit offence to import, sell or possess illegal wood. International agreements should have their statuses raised to protect them from being weakened by global trade agreements, the environment should be given precedence over free trade and an international system should be implemented that can restrict, control and make transnational and private operators legally accountable for their illegal operations (Glastra, 1999). Importing countries should be encouraged to implement measures and processing countries, such as China and Malaysia, need to establish agreements and enter into legally binding mechanisms (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Not all major consumer countries have agreements in place. The US implemented an amendment to the Lacey Act only recently in 2008 which prohibits the import of illegal timber and allows for prosecution of violations either through civil, criminal or forfeiture provisions (Chatham House, 2009). While the UK and Australian governments have been proactive in supporting measures agains t illegal logging and trade, there has been no tangible progress in implementation of any measures (House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, 2009). Glastra (1999) concludes that as long as there is illegal logging, sustainable forestry management cannot occur and that the unwillingness of some governments to address key underlying causes, will prevent strategies to combat illegal logging and trade from being effective. Conclusions Illegal logging and trade occurs across the globe and has numerous economic, environmental and social impacts. International response to this illicit practice has occurred only recently, from the 1970s onward. Currently, this response is not sufficient enough to properly address, prevent and suppress illegal logging and trade. Some measures are having positive impacts in selective countries, however on the larger scale, more needs to be done. Further research and alternate actions are required to achieve significant reductions in illegal logging and trade. There isnt and never will be a ‘quick fix to illegal logging and trade. Successful solutions will undoubtedly be complex, and will need to target multiple levels of issues and have long term application.

Media Coverage of the China-Tibet Talks Essay -- Communications Politi

Media Coverage of the China-Tibet Talks For the past several decades, China has been trying to take over Tibet. During this conflict, the leaders of these two nations have been communicating with each other. Overall, talks have not been very successful, for conflicts still exist. The coverage of their communications by the media has been mixed. The level of objectivity and quality of content are not consistent. For detailed and unbiased information about China-Tibet talks, long articles from focused writers are better than reports from magazines and newspapers, which cover a wide range of news. While covering ongoing communications between China and Tibet, reporters for Newsweek in the U.S. are supposed to be as objective as possible. However, by reading the articles and reports that Newsweek present on this topic, it appears that the work is not as objective and complete as it should be. In one issue of the publication, a lengthy report about China took up a fair amount of space. One section, by Melinda Liu, relates to talks between China and Tibet, and how the U.S. acts as an intermediary contact. At first, the article talks about President Jiang Zemin and his attempts to make good relations with Tibet. The article begins, â€Å" When he visited the United States last year, President Jiang Zemin dismayed some of his own supporters with his clumsy handling of the Tibet issue† (Liu 39). Later on in the introduction, Liu says, â€Å" He compared the Chinese Army’s ‘emancipation’ of the serfs to Abraham Lincoln's abolition of slavery† (39). The rest of the article continues to bring up facts that build up against Jiang. Liu goes on to say, â€Å" As for Tibet, Jiang claims to have had ‘good relation s’ with the late Panchen Lama† (39). N... ...bias introduced since all the facts are laid out for them. Future coverage of the conflict will most likely continue in the same fashion it has been going on over the decades. Incorrect analyses will continue to occur. Nevertheless, by looking at all the reports that have been written, it appears that it will take a long time for Tibet and China to resolve their issues. Works Cited Grunfeld, A. Tom. The Making of Modern Tibet. London: Zed Books, 1987. Karmel, Solomon M. â€Å" Ethnic Tension and the Struggle for Order: China’s Policies in Tibet.† Pacific Affairs 68 (1995): 485-508. Online. JSTOR. 21 March 2005. Liu, Melinda. â€Å" Talking Past Each Other.† Newsweek 29 Jun. 1998: 39. Mirsky, Jonathan. â€Å" Beijing rules the mountains.† The Spectator 281 (1998): 24-25. Online. ProQuest. 21 March 2005. Snyder, Lisa. â€Å" China Ties.† Newsweek 20 Jul. 1998: 17.

Ethics and Compliance Essay

As per 2007 Annual Report, Walt Disney had the following initiatives in the following areas: under Studio Entertainment, franchises and original pioneering digital productions such as Pirates of the Caribbean, Cars and High School Musical including the Blu-ray ® technology, the new high definition home entertainment viewing. Animated movies pervaded the period with box office hits like Ratatouille and Wall-E. Under Parks and Resorts, the year 2007 was a dream year at Disney Parks and Resorts with The Year of a Million Dreams opening the park to overnight stay. Other initiatives include the Walt Disney Imagineering technology used for Finding Nemo, with interactive attraction on a high-energy 4-D in Toy Story and the Tower of Terror, the small world dolls which were a source of high-quality entertainment. In Disneyland Resort Paris, guests experience exhilarating rides through dazzling coral reefs, dark deep-sea waters and sunken submarines aboard Crush’s Coaster. Along Consumer Products initiatives include a High School Musical flat-panel television, a popular Nintendo DSâ„ ¢ video game with new Disney characters, wedding dresses inspired by Disney Princesses and a best-selling Disney Fairies sequel novel were just a few of many new products that took the Disney brand to new heights in 2007. In 2007, DCP’s collaborated with bridal designer Kirstie Kelly for the Disney Princess line. Disney Fairies has mushroomed into a powerful global franchise with DisneyFairies. com having more than a million hits. Also, DCP’s infant and preschool sector flourished, toys designed to be interactive with parents and child. The New Baby Einstein feeding products were a hit with parents who welcomed the shape-and color-coded line into meal time. The Walt Disney Internet Group initiated the online and mobile interactive entertainment content in international markets and across platforms by connecting to mobile devices via a new wireless Web site. Under Corporate Social Responsibility, support was provided to Children’s Hospital in California and Florida with a total $15 million for a 200-bed facility and new wing. Also, a pioneering campaign for a balanced nutrition on foods and healthier meals in the park and resorts enhanced with no-smoking issues. Other initiatives were the VoluntEARS program for global outreach for local communities which provided $177 million assistance and another assistance for the victims of Hurricane Katrina; the Make-AWishTM Foundation granting thousands of wishes over the year; also donations to the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the Boys & Girls Club of America, the Starlight Starbright Children’s Foundation and UNICEF, for the thousands of kids around the world; the Environmentalityâ„ ¢ program, which handles company efforts in energy conservation, waste management, alternative power and fuels and wildlife protection. Other initiatives were the zero-emission, cleaner-burning biodiesel fuel for the steam engine trains at Disneyland and certain vehicles used by Disney Cruise Line. Further, conservation programs at various Disney facilities continued to cut energy usage and waste; the Woodland Trust and the Hundred Acre and the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund encourages children and families to plant trees, protecting wildlife and ecosystems; promoting responsible labor standards, outlines minimum working conditions and standards in Disney-oriented factories; also remediation plans in educational and monitoring programs. The initiatives taken by the company are parts of the organizational strategy designed by and for Walt Disney Company. This is in response to the tight competitive entertainment world in which Walt Disney is a major player. Reference list Walt Disney Company, Annual Report, 2007. Retrieved May 19, 2009; website: http://corporate. disney. go. com/investors/annual_reports/2007/index. html

Small Economic Activity in Rural Area

Background of the studyEconomic activity refers to the consumption of goods and services and activities in which money is exchanged for product or services (Hendricks, 2017). It was performed for the purpose of making money, gaining wealth, creating and producing items that can be offered to the public for sale. Pavlov (2000) also argued that economic activity defined as any activity consisting in offering goods and services on a given market. The outcome of economic activities is measured monetarily (Hendricks, 2017). According to Fisher (1933), economic activities classified into three main sectors which are primary sector (consisting of agriculture), secondary sector (formed by industry) and lastly is the tertiary sector which are incorporating all other activities that did not fit in the first two sectors. Cari data statistic economi Malaysia?In business scope?There are several types of economic activities including business, professions and employment. Restaurants, large retailers and even small businesses engage in economic activities every day. Business is one of the economic activity. Whether it is a formal business, an entrepreneurial venture or a small lemonade stand in the front of yard, the economic activity of business is any activity where goods and services are exchanged for the earning of money. High cost living?Rural area refers to nonmetropolitan areas (United States Department of Agriculture, 2003). According to Office of Management and Budget United States (2013), nonmetropolitan areas are outside the boundaries of metropolitan areas and have no cities with 50,000 residents or more. Department of Statistic Malaysia (2010) stated that Lawas, Sarawak only had the total population of 38,385 in 2010. It can be categorized as the rural area because the total population less than 50,000 populations. In the next 10 years, the total of population in Lawas, Sarawak expected will be increase in 2020 (Population and Housing Census of Malaysia, 2010). According to Malaysia Labour Force Survey Report (2002:17), rural area defined as all the gazetted areas consisting of less than 10,000 people and all of the areas that are not gazetted. It also argued by the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development which simply defined rural as an area with population of less than 10,000 people. In 2002, out of nine main economic activities in rural areas, agriculture-related activities including hunting, forestry and fishing contributed 38.5% of the employment as compared to 18.2% in manufacturing and 9.8% in wholesale and retail trade (Malaysia – Labour Force Survey Report, 2002). Problem statementBusiness growths in Lawas town lead to raise the economic development in rural area. However, there are some issues that are often said. The local authority gives less attention to small-scaled business especially retailing business. This has been a challenge to small business owners to develop their businesses because of competition from large-scale business. Additionally, the lack of special sites for traders, particularly in stall business and renting business, has resulted in irregularities. It causes the huge problems for the urban environment such as creating a less attractive, hygiene problems and congestion, especially in Lawas town. These problems occur due to the weakness of local authorities in implementing the regulatory, guidelines planning, standards of planning, control activities, employee attitude and lack of financial. The local authorities mostly give attention to the issues of getting the appropriate site, the size of the building site, the provision of the perfect garbage disposal facility, the absence of special units or sections to implement the rules thoroughly in the context of actual planning. Informal businesses operating not only in town areas but also occurred in the village area. There are several issues that viewed from the informal sector businesses such as stalls and hawkers. It found that several stalls and hawkers had physically dilapidated conditions, built in unsafe business area and the absence of adequate public facilities have affected the unpleasant scenery. Several stalls or hawkers were too close to the road reserve. The selection of a location informal business has to take seriously. It is because, informal sector mostly happen found on parking lot area, roadside and in sidewalk of the stores. To improve this situation, the Lawas District Council will take enforcement action such as seizing business equipment, revoke licenses or impose fines. Occasionally, the Lawas District Council also handed over enforcement notice to close business or relocate stalls and hawker centers temporarily in a more organized and secure area.Research questionsResearch objectives The purpose of this study is aimed to analyst and evaluates the problems and growth of small-scale business in Lawas. Thus, consideration should be given to this aspect when discussing and evaluating the challenges of development. The objectives of the study are as follow:To identify the need of small-scale business in an economyTo determine the various problems faced by the local communities in the study areas from the perspective of the small-scale businessTo suggest more appropriate and effective ways to overcome this problem.The findings of this study will help the policy makers in identifying problems relating to the institutional arrangements of rural development agencies. Consequently, it will help in introducing more effective institutional arrangements in delivering or implementing rural development programmes in order to tackle rural development problems.Significance of studyThere are three factors that have driven the researcher to engage in the research. Firstly, there is a need for balance in development between rural and urban areas. Secondly, rural development is particularly important for the political stability of a nation, and thirdly, rural communities that typically form the majority of population in most developing countries are mostly poor. Therefore, rural development is part and parcel of the nation's development. It cannot be sidelined even though it possesses diverse and complex problems.

Hot Imports Night

The roars of modified import cars stimulate my senses as I walk towards the Dallas Convention Center, where the 2001 Hot Imports Night car show is taking place. All around me, groups of anxious car enthusiasts rush towards the convention center. Hundreds of people were already in line, impatiently waiting to buy a ticket for the show. Luckily, I had already purchased my ticket online and did not have to wait on this half-mile long line. As I approached the entrance, I was overwhelmed by the onslaught of sounds coming from within. I knew walking in that this will be a day I wouldn t soon forget. As I stood in that cavernous exhibitions hall, my eyes feasted on rows of modified Hondas, Acuras, Mazdas, and other import cars. The car that caught my attention was a lime green 1995 Honda Civic Hatchback, shining radiantly below four strobe lights. This car had an Acura Integra GSR engine in it, a Greddy exhaust system, headers, a turbocharger, intercooler, white rims, a dragon decal on the hood, and many other modifications. Behind me I overheard a guy saying dats tight, but there are better cars and I knew he was right. There were endless rows of cars, and each row had its own representation of perfection. The cars were not the only part of the show that caught my attention. Standing by each sponsored car was a girl in her mid twenties wearing everything but clothes. One girl had on a golden studded bikini, which complemented her Venus-like body and her long flowing blond hair. Her innocent smile and seductive pose made it hard for me to take my eyes off of her. There were also models sitting behind desks signing posters for a modest fee. These were the models that graced the cover of car magazines as well as Playboy. Standing in front of these models would be lines of fans who wanted an autograph and picture. I tried to take a picture of every car model that I saw, unfortunately I ran out of film. When I reached the end of the hall I was surprised to see a disc jockey spinning break beats on a turntable and a mob of people raving and dancing on a dance floor as if they were in a nightclub. The music that came from the four giant sized speakers at this area was even louder than the music that played throughout the hall. The strobe lights had a dizzying affect, and my mind blurred as I walked through the crowd of people dancing. In one corner of the dance floor, I managed to push through the crowd of mesmerized people to get a glimpse of a short Asian guy, drenched with sweat, wearing flared jeans and a pink polo knit shirt wowing the crowd with his flawless break dancing abilities. As I had predicted, the night was anything but forgettable. I now anxiously await next year s event, which will take place next May. In the meantime, I ll just relive that night in my mind and learn some dance moves so that I can participate on the dance floor instead of standing around recording everyone else with a video camera.

Developing skills of critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Developing skills of critical analysis - Essay Example The experimental study conducted by to evaluate the meaningfulness of the critical analysis skills in the education sector revealed very interesting facts.The texts chosen for the essay have been selected keeping in view the subject i.e.developing skills of critical analysis and focusing on the role of education in the development of these skills.In order to fully understand the relationship between the two, the sources of information I chose include journal articles, studies conducted by institutions and individuals and also research work on the importance of these skills and educations role in its development in the modern world today. (Doughty, 2007) in his study of the critical analysis skills, gives a very thorough knowledge on the subject, keeping in view the modern worlds requirements and also by focusing more on the educational aspect, that plays an important role in the development of these skills in the individuals. I believe the point of view presented in the study is good blend of both the basics of the critical analysis skills and explanation of educations impact in a good yet criticizing way, thus emphasizing on its relative importance. The techniques and alternatives described serve as a useful means to consider the developing of these skills at a large level and inculcating these skills in the students through education thus making a complete system. (Wallace, 2009) is an influential writer and has written many books for NASA. Her insight on the subject is very interesting as she provides a modern view on critical analysis skills. The discussion and views expressed in the article tend to focus on how individuals perceive information and how two different points of views are made and understood. This is where the importance of critical analysis and thinking is felt and realized that it is something which needs to be practiced and an individual needs to be skilled in it thus expressing his views in a more meaningful way. Moreover the point raised in the article is very prominent that like other skills that are measured and are thought to be meaningful, critical analysis skills should be given such importance as well. I agree with this point, that once the education system tries to adopt this approach, the individuals would be in a better position to practice these skills and this would help in their social up-bringing and overall betterment of the society as a whole. The study by (Facione, 1990) is a comprehensive report that concentrates on the importance of critical thinking and analysis skills using an appropriate research methodology and thus defining the skills requirement for critical analysis. The study also proposes recommendations as to how the education system can adopt certain methods and techniques so as to develop these skills and nurture the dispositions that can help in yielding positivity among the individual to inquire about their surroundings and interpret meaningful results. (Staff, 2005) gives a reasonabl e argument in the article that it is the educational philosophy and the student evaluation criteria in the education system that is not letting the skills of critical analysis being developed in students. It also discusses the importance of these skills for the students today and how the education system is affecting it, thus making the students suffer a great deal. The experimental study conducted by (Paul, Elder, & Bartell, 1995) to evaluate the meaningfulness of the critical analysis skills in the education sector revealed very interesting facts. The claims that the education sector should adopt measures for the development of the critical analysis skills in the students, the teachers themselves are not aware of the critical thinking and analysis skill. This definitely raises concerns that how the education system should be changed so that it becomes the practice, or norm in teaching. Developing skills of critical analysis Critical analysis is an important cognitive tool that is required in this modern world to be abreast with the world in contemplating ideas, assumptions, and actions in a reasonable and logical context. In this essay I would be discussing the importance of

The Shiite Resistance against the Pro-Taliban Sunni-deoband Terrorists Research Paper

The Shiite Resistance against the Pro-Taliban Sunni-deoband Terrorists in Pakistan - Research Paper Example The researcher states that since all humans, who are non-Sunni-Deoband by faith, according to the extremist sect, are perverts and deviants, killing of whom is necessary for the projection, promotion and spread of the nefarious designs of the Sunni-Deoband sect. Since this sect contains terrorists in its parties working with different names and under various platforms, it has become very hard for the Government of Pakistan to detect their criminal activities and arrest them in order to announce punishments to them so that no one in the future could gather the courage to repeat the same. Somehow, the above-described terrorist sect has developed its roots in the national press, as well as in the judiciary and military sectors of the country, along with other public and private organizations; as a result, the sect has set its foot by establishing the evil network in the name of the religion. It is, therefore, the Shiites of Pakistan have to make very hard efforts for protecting the memb ers of their community on the one hand, and unveiling the terrorist designs of the extremists on the other. The Shiites have established different organizations including Tehreek-e-Jafria (i.e. Jafria Movement), Islamic Tehreek, (i.e. Islamic Movement) Sipah-e-Muhammad (the soldiers of the Prophet Muhammad) and others, which always adopt peaceful ways of protests against the terrorist attacks on their religious processions and gatherings on one hand, and target killings of their youth and scholars on the other. As a result, the Shiite Muslins never took law in their hand, and just abide by rules in order to stop the advancements of terrorism in the country. Brief Overview: By critically analyzing the history of the globe at large, it becomes crystal clear that an overwhelming majority of the people coming of every class, creed, community, ethnicity, race and socioeconomic status maintain belief in some supernatural or metaphysical power(s), to which they seek help and beg support in the eve of finding them helpless while facing difficulties and problems of various kinds, which has given birth to the idea of God and religion subsequently. Thousands of the faiths exist in the world, which divides the people into groups and factions, because of the divergences in belief systems, a way of worship and others. Among all major religions existing in the world, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are regarded to be the Abrahamic faiths, which share several things in their mythologies and basic traits. One of the most fundamental commonalities among the three includes their further sub-division into sects, where Jews, Christians, and Muslims display great displeasure and hatred towards the members belonging to the rival sects of their faith and do not appear to get ready to tolerate these opponents at any cost.

Week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Week 4 - Essay Example ected is accurate, all the team members should evaluate the operational descriptions of the data and ensure they are all correct, can be easily understood and completed. Therefore, awareness of the reliability and validity of the data collection tool used in quantitative research project is vital (Joint Commission Resources, Inc., 2008). Ensuring that the data collection tool is accurate is very crucial in qualitative research. Using consistent data collection tools increases the validity and consistency of the data collection. For example, a different person should collect the same data one has obtained at a different time. One cannot assume the blood pressure measurements taken are all accurate unless he or she is certain that the sphygmomanometers are often calibrated and all the doctors and nurses are well trained to provide best practice on taking blood pressures. A well cross-examined questionnaire will ensure that there are no shortcomings that lead to the collection of unreliable data. One is advised that if he or she cannot get a reliable collection tool, he should ensure that they carry out a pilot test first to avoid the difficulties. To improve on the reliability of data collection, training should be undertaken to all those who are providing data in correct procedures of data entry. Collecting unreliabl e data will lead to wrong results of the qualitative research (Chambers & Wakley, 2005). Cultural background is important in ensuring that one gets the information that one requires. When interviewing Ms. Li some of the cultural considerations that are important to remember include the preference of Asian Americans to herbal medicine, intimate partner violence or abuse among Asian Americans and the belief that the human body is whole and that each part is intimately connected, therefore when sick the whole body should be treated. The abuse assessment screen refers to a screening tool that is used to evaluate indications of abuse or violence against

The Orientation Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Orientation Problem - Assignment Example Therefore, the task is like to either swim or sink to them as they are given any written information about the roots and idea about the assigned location. They do not get any kind of help from the supervisors rather they are berated for delivery time and routes. The delivery time may be long as they are not aware about the assigned due lack of training. The employees try to learn roots by studying maps on the day off but practically it cannot help to them. Again the letter carriers are shifted from one route to another very frequently but they need time to understand the sequence of delivering articles in a particular root. Frequent shifting increases the overall duties of the entire letter careers as none of them cannot learn a particular rout properly. Answer 2 The supervisors should provide two important types of orientation to the new employees i.e. letter carriers at work sites. First is Organization orientation where the supervisor should make them informed brief about the orga nization where they have joined i.e. objective, history, philosophy, mission, procedures, rules and policies. Second types of orientation are unit based orientation where the supervisor should familiarize the new employees about their job activities and work units. The direct supervisor should provide all necessary information to the employees about a particular facility and its personal, assigned area covered by the routes and other written information like employee handbook and union contact etc. Answer 3 The supervisors should be given on job training where they can consequences of their mistakes which leads to overall loss in terms of output of their employees and the decline in performance level. In this training program the superiors will be informed about the efficient strategies followed by leading private carrier organizations. They will train them by visiting the areas through shorter routes in less time. This would motivate them as it would increase the daily output and o verall performance of their supervising units. Another types training is in house training program where they will be trained about motivation strategies which they need to implement on the new employees to understand their problems and difficulties regarding job activities and to increase the individual as well overall performance of work units. The supervisor will be informed about the benefits of basic motivations to the employees will lead to more output than expectance (Nkomo, Fottler & McAfee, 2010, p.174). Answer 4 The supervisor needs to supplement some important written documents to the new letter carriers. These should be only the employee handbook and union contact no but some other important materials which includes information about different employee benefits, no of holidays in a financial year, some copies of certain legal forms, like IRS withholding forms, brief about accident an emergency procedures, key official terms in the US postal service department, alternativ e copies of life and health insurance options, telephone and location directory of the personnel department and other important city offices. Apart from these, detailed explanation of the overall operation of the US Postal Service and mission of the organizations. In this detailed explanation of organizational operation, the job duties and responsibilities of the letter carrier, work